UPSC CSE Prelims
Question 60
Consider the following countries :
- Italy
- Japan
- Nigeria
- South Korea
- South Africa
Which of the above countries are frequently mentioned in the media for their low birth rates, or ageing population or declining population ?
View correct answer and explanation
Correct answer: A
Correct Option: A (1, 2 and 4)
Explanation: Italy, Japan and South Korea are prominent examples of countries with very low fertility and population ageing; Nigeria and South Africa have relatively younger population profiles.
Statement / Pair / Item-wise Analysis:
1. Correct/True - Italy has ageing and sustained low birth rates.
2. Correct/True - Japan has long-term population decline and ageing.
3. Incorrect/False - Nigeria has a relatively young and growing population.
4. Correct/True - South Korea is known for exceptionally low fertility.
5. Incorrect/False - South Africa has a younger demographic profile than the named ageing societies.
Option-wise Analysis:
A. Correct-includes precisely the true/correct statements or pairs identified above.
B. Incorrect-incorrectly includes 3 (Nigeria has a relatively young and growing population.); incorrectly includes 5 (South Africa has a younger demographic profile than the named ageing societies.); omits correct item 2 (Japan has long-term population decline and ageing.); omits correct item 4 (South Korea is known for exceptionally low fertility.).
C. Incorrect-omits correct item 1 (Italy has ageing and sustained low birth rates.).
D. Incorrect-incorrectly includes 3 (Nigeria has a relatively young and growing population.); incorrectly includes 5 (South Africa has a younger demographic profile than the named ageing societies.); omits correct item 1 (Italy has ageing and sustained low birth rates.); omits correct item 2 (Japan has long-term population decline and ageing.); omits correct item 4 (South Korea is known for exceptionally low fertility.).